Cooperation and dialogical modeling for designing a safe Human space exploration mission to Mars

This paper proposes an approach for a complex and innovative project requiring international contributions from different communities of knowledge and expertise. Designing a safe and reliable architecture for a manned mission to Mars or the Asteroids necessitates strong cooperation during the early stages of design to prevent and reduce risks for the astronauts at each step of the mission. The stake during design is to deal with the contradictions, antagonisms and paradoxes of the involved partners for the definition and modeling of a shared project of reference. As we see in our research which analyses the cognitive and social aspects of technological risks in major accidents, in such a project, the complexity of the global organization (during design and use) and the integration of a wide and varie d range of sciences and innovative technologies is likely to increase systemic risks as follows: human and cultural mistakes, potential defaults, failures and accidents. We identify as the main danger antiquated centralized models of organization and the operational limits of interdisciplinarity in the sciences. Beyond this, we can see that we need to take carefully into account human cooperation and the quality of relations between heterogeneous partners. Designing an open, self-learning and reliable exploration system able to self-adapt in dangerous and unforeseen situations implies a collective networked intelligence led by a safe process that organizes interaction between the actors and the aims of the project. Our work, supported by the CNES (French Space Agency), proposes an innovative approach to the coordination of a complex project.     

基于模糊径向基神经网络的小型无人机控制系统研究

为保证小型无人机的飞行安全,提出一种由无人机飞行控制器和地面学习单元构成的两层网络学习控制系统架构。无人机飞行控制器采用模糊控制策略,学习单元采用经遗传算法优化的径向基神经网络,充分利用模糊控制和神经网络的各自优势,将模糊控制策略与RBF神经网络相结合提出了一种基于RBF神经网络的自学习模糊控制策略。所设计的飞行控制器用于无人机飞行过程中的姿态控制,仿真及实验结果表明本方法是有效的。     

Feedback control of boundary layer Tollmien-Schlichting waves using a simple model-based controller

The attenuation of spatially evolving instability Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) waves in the boundary layer of a flat plate with zero pressure gradients using an active feedback control scheme is theoretically and numerically investigated. The boundary layer is excited artificially by various perturbations to create a three-dimensional field of instability waves. Arrays of actuators and sensors are distributed locally at the wall surface and connected together via a feedback controller. The key elements of this feedback control are the determination of the dynamic model of the flat plate boundary layer between the actuators and the sensors, and the design of the model-based feedback controller. The dynamic model is established based on the linear stability calculation which simulates the three-dimensional input-output behaviour of the boundary layer. To simplify the control problem, an uncoupled control mode of the dynamic model is made to capture only those dynamics that have greatest influences on the input-output behaviour. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, i.e. a lead-lag compensator, combining with a standard Smith predictor is designed based on the system stability criterion and the specifications using frequency-response methods. Good performance of the feedback control with the uncoupled control mode is demonstrated by the large reduction of the three-dimensional disturbances in the boundary layer. This simple feedback control is realistic and competitive in a practical implementation of T-S wave cancellation using a limited number of localised sensors and actuators.     

基于角增量和角速率的旋转矢量算法的等效性

推导了基于角增量和角速率的两种旋转矢量算法（RVA）及其计算误差,并从理论上分析、比较了两种RVA及其圆锥补偿误差（CCE）;在不考虑传感器误差情况下,对两种算法的CCE进行了基于典型圆锥运动的仿真。结果表明,两种RVA的CCE由采样频率和圆锥运动频率的比值定量确定：当比值大于1〖KG*9〗000时,相同子样数的两种算法的CCE相等;两种RVA具有圆锥误差补偿效应的范围为该比值介于3和1〖KG*9〗000之间。在该有效范围内,CCE随比值的减小而单调增大,并且相同子样数的两种算法的CCE随着子样数的增大而趋于相等;当比值小于等于3时,两种算法的圆锥误差补偿效应同样减弱。从而得出两种算法的圆锥误差补偿效应的近似等效性。对于捷联惯组的设计、RVA的选择及其在惯组高动态环境下的应用具有一定指导作用。     

控制受限的编队航天器鲁棒自适应控制

研究了考虑控制受限的编队航天器鲁棒自适应轨道跟踪控制问题。针对航天器编队飞行系统中控制受限、外部扰动和模型不确定性的情况,利用反步控制方法和指令滤波设计提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制策略。指令滤波器用于补偿控制受限对于控制器的影响,同时设计了自适应律对未知参数进行估计,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了闭环系统的渐近稳定性。和滑模控制等传统鲁棒控制不同,所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器是连续的,更便于航天器编队飞行系统的实现。仿真结果表明所设计的控制器既能实现高精度的编队飞行跟踪控制,又能保证控制受限的要求。     

在防空导弹控制系统中使用模糊监控调节器问题的探讨

介绍了现代空袭兵器战术技术性能改进对防空导弹制导控制系统形成的新需求,分析了现有制导控制系统在抗击高机动飞行器时面临的困难,探讨了在防空导弹控制系统中使用模糊监控调节器的问题.     

绳系卫星渐近稳定释放与回收策略

文章研究椭圆轨道下绳系卫星的稳定释放与回收控制问题。首先基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,获得椭圆轨道下系绳释放和回收的速率控制律及稳定性条件,然后提出一套能使系绳沿期望俯仰角进行渐近稳定释放和回收控制的方法。指出存在一个轨道区间,可以实现对通常不稳定的回收过程进行稳定回收,进而提出分区间和分段回收策略以优化回收控制效果。最后,通过数值模拟对所提出的控制律、稳定条件及控制策略进行验证。     

采用改进模拟退火算法的高速飞行器随控总体优化方法

选取翼身组合体气动布局的高速飞行器为研究对象,基于已建立的飞行器总体参数与气动非线性/耦合性等随控性指标间的表征数学模型,开展高速飞行器的随控总体优化方法研究,使得飞行器在全弹道上所有特征点处的非线性度/耦合度的最大绝对值达到最小。为改善经典模拟退火算法的全局搜索能力, 提高退火算法的趋优避劣性,引入精英集合策略。算法测试结果表明：改进模拟退火算法比经典模拟退火算法具有更好的收敛稳定性和收敛速度。算例飞行器的随控总体优化结果表明：飞行器在全弹道上的非线性度m α  NL 、耦合度C xy 、C yx 分别改进了90.6%、99%、36.5%,取得了较好的优化效果。     

基于通用I/O接口的CAMAC总线控制单元简化设计

为了减小系统规模,有效降低成本,分析了CAMAC标准总线信号构成,用分离TTL逻辑电路产生了6类总线信号,实现了CAMAC总线控制单元简化设计,详细说明了硬件电路设计原理和软件子程序设计。该CAMAC总线控制单元可以由通用I/O接口实现总线的读写控制。应用结果表明,该设计稳定可靠,方便进行模件检测或搭建小型应用系统。     

一种航空发动机多变量自抗扰解耦控制律设计

研究了航空发动机多变量解耦控制律设计问题。提出了一种用于航空发动机多回路控制的多变量自抗扰解耦控制算法:首先通过静态解耦算法实现多变量耦合系统的静态解耦,而后通过ADRC非线性扩张观测器的补偿控制实现各回路的动态解耦,最终实现复杂多变量耦合系统的解耦控制。以某涡扇发动机非线性部件级实时数学模型为被控对象,基于上述多变量自抗扰解耦控制算法设计了发动机中间状态以上多变量控制律。在全包线内,与基于增广LQR控制方法设计发动机闭环系统,进行了对比研究。数字仿真结果表明,前者使得发动机闭环系统具有更好的指令跟踪和多回路解耦能力。